Carbureter for internal-combustion engines.



lntentm. Ang. (i, M18..

2 SHETS'- SHEET l.

A. WEIUMED.

CARBURHEH FOR :MERNM CGMQUS'UUN Emmaus APIUCATION ULEB ihk Fi Y@Patented Aug. (L 19H5,

2 SHEETS--SHEET 2.

A. WEILAND.

ALFRED WEILAND, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.

CARBURETER FOR INTERN Ii-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 6, 1918.

ppllcation tiled February/'17, 1917. Serial No. 149,185.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, ALFRED iVmLANn, a citizen of the United States,residing at East Orange, county of Essex, and State of New Jersey, haveinvented a certain new and useful Improvement in Carhureters forInternal-oinbustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates generally to the control. regulation andfeeding of liquid fuel to' explosive engines and relates moreSpecifically to the supply of liquid fuel to the carbureter orearhureting medimn and the discharge of hueh fue] to the motor intake. i

It is an object of the invelntiou to provide automatic meanel formaintainingl a supply of liquid. fuel available at all times, and underthe eontrol of pressure Condiv tions, to furniah the requisite fuel tothe carbureting ehamher for the use ot the. motor.

It, is a further objeet to provide fuel feeding means whichautomatirally vary aeeording;r to speed and load renditions so that sueheonditions, as flooding' the earbul'eter when a mininmm supply isrequired and having it relatively empty when a maximum supply is needed.are entirely overeome.

further ohjeet of the invention is to provide a eomplete unitary fuelfeeding der vive. the parte of which have a rommon housing or easingforming eompart 'fuel rereiving, storing.;` and eariuu'eting;l rhanrbere` and wherein pressure eonditioml are utilized to autoniatieallyreplenish the. liquid fuel exhausted by use, sueh replenisshingr takingplaee without eintritt-tingr or interfering with the regular andeontiuuous feeding to and operation of the liquid fuel jet or nozzle.

For the purpose of illustrating my invention, I have hhown in theneeomparyiug drawings one form thereof which is at pre ent preferred byme. sinee the same has been found in praetiee to givey satisfaetory andreliable. resulta. although it is to he umlerstood that the variousinstrumentalit'iea of whieh my invention eousisty eau he va riouslyarranged and organized and thatv my invention is not. limited to the,preeiee arrangement and organization of the. instrumentalities as herein`Shown and deseribed.

Referring to the drawings: Figure 1 represents a plan of a earbureterembodying my invention, the throttle lever being onutted.

Fig. 2 represents a section 0n line 2 2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 represents a section on line 3 3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. l represents a section on line 4--4 of Fig. 1. i

Figi?) represents a sectional elevation of a modified form of theearhureter.

Fig. (i represents a section on line (ie-6 of F ig. 1.

Fig. T represents a section on lille Fig. l.

Fig. 8 representea detail of one of the valve levers.

Fig. tl repreeents a bottom plan of the valve levers.

l designates the easing of the earlmreter forming. in the presentinatanee two Hoat ehamherl '2 and 3 spared hy the intel-me diate bodywall 4 in whieh the earbureting ehamber 5 is formed. This chamber aseustoniary. eommunieates with the main air.

intake passage t at one end and with the motor intake T at the oppositeend. Adjaeent this latter end the throttle valve tt is loeated and isunder the control of the throttle lever tl as will be understood. Theeasing l is further formed with a main liquid fuel reservoir 1() loeatedbelow the level of the two float ehambers 2 and 3 and serving: to supplythe main jet or nozzle ll with liquid fuel to he. mixed with the air inehanlher and supplied to the motor. 'l`he liquid fuel for the reservoir10 is supplied from either ot' the ehamhers 2 and Si. theaetion ofrepleuishing beinzgr submittintially alternately earried out, that isone ot' the ehambers it an aetivo feedingr lnedilun for the reservoir l0while the other eliamher is replenishintgr its t'uel supply from themain low level tank (not. shown) lov-ated at a eouvenient pointAtonsidvringif tiret the ermetruetion of rhamher 2 it will he noted thatit is pref-y erable. though not neeessaty, to provide means whereby itsfuel volume is normally lees than the fuel volume of the chamber Ilsince this is the ehamber which under working renditions ie' the activefeeding agent for the reservoir lll.

'lhe ehamher .2 is provided-with a fuel inlet l2 eonuuuuieating with themain fuel eonduit 13 whit-h eonveys the said fuel from the low leveltank as will be understood.

As here shown, the wall 4 is provided with a boss 14 on thechamber side,through which the fuel inlet conduit passes, carry ing a fiap valve 15in the nature of a fiat plate held by'the stud 16 with sufficient lostmotion to permit it to open under fuel pressure but to be normali heldclosed.

17 designates the outlet or the fuel from the chamber 2 to the reservoir10, the same having a seat at one side to lreceive the cowl?"L trolvalve 18. In the present instancetll'fl. valve 18 is provided at oneside with a relatively long stem 19 which is guided through a ortion ofthe wall 4 and termi-` nates in ab float 21. The oposite side of thevalve 18 has a split ro 22 and turn buckle 23 connection with a pivotedlever 24- for a purpose to be later described, and the rod ends jointheir respective parts by b'all joints 25 which permit tb(` requiredrelative movement.

2G designates an unobstructed passage forming communication between thecarbureting chamber 5 and the float chamber 2 above the normal liquidlevel in the said a chamber 2 and consequently the chamber 2 is subjectto some extent to the saine vacuum oonditionsas exist in the chamber 5.Belowthe chamber 2, the casing 1 is suitably recessedto form anauxiliary overflow receiver 27 which prevents the liquid fuel fromoverflowing through the nozzle 11 intothe carbureting chamber 5 when the'motor is at rest or when the vacuum is broken in either of the chambers2 and 3., An hir vent 28 is provided to conduct air to the receiver 27and maintain it under atmospheric conditions. A similar vent 42 for ailAis formed in the wall 4 and has its outlet 29 in relatively closeproximity to the chamber outlet 17 and below the normal level of theliquid fuel. The Boat chamber 3 is substantially similar in detailsofcon- .struction as the chamber 2 and Vit is thought unnecessarytherefore to more than point out the corresponding parts. Thus ithas anoutlet 30, a control valve 31 therefor, the long stem 32 connected by aball joint with the iioat 33- also the split rod construction 34 and 35joining the valve to a lever 36. It is also provided with a. passage 37for establishing vacuum conditions in the float chamber 3 and the. fuelinlet 38 is controlled by a ila valve 39 similar to that for chamber 2.here is also the overiow receiver 40, its 'air vent 41 and the airpassage 42 having an outlet below the fuel leve adjacent the outlet 30.

In connection with the levers 24 and 36, it should be noted that arms 43are provided respectively for engaging the opposite lever .in order t atthe downward movement of either lever under the opening of one or theother of the valves 18 or 31 causes the movall jointed connection Z0 tothe ing. arm to engage the adjacent lever and close the outlet valve ofthat lever. There is, however, suiiicient lost motion in the valveconnections to allow them to simultancously open slightly if necessary.i

Referring to Fig. 1,it will be seen that the main reservoir 10 extendsbeyond the wall of the casing on the throttle side and forms tivoauxiliary receptacles 45 and 46 the former being located adjacent theposition of the throttle valvev and having 4a jet 47 in which the liquidfuel is normally mail?, tained at the level of the liquidilevel llrldlereservoir 10. It will be understoodthat both receptacles 45 'and 46 areforflitdvin an, extension of the casing 1 and that ,ewh" is chamberedand in communication with the reservoir 10, so that each chamber, as amatter of fact, forms a part of the reservoir 10. 48 designates asuitable-bushi secured to the casing 1 and extending within the chamber45 and having a bore 49 therein to receive the nozzle 4l as appears inFig. 3. The bushing 48 for the ma]or part of its length is reduced indiameter in order to form a channel by which the air entering throu hthe port 50 may reach the open end of tie lbushing 48 and thus mix withthe fuel drawn out of the-jet 47. The bore 49A communicates with aconduit 51 which passes through the casing wall and discharges the mixedair and fuel outside of the throttle, that is to say, between thethrottle and the motor intake. The throttle valve is here designated bythe reference numeral 8 and is connected to the rotatable sleeve 53,this latter being suitably pinned as shown at 54 or by like equivalentmeans to the spindle 55 which carries the throttle lever 9.

57 designates a bushing or sleeve fixed within the casing 1 and boredout to form the above mentioned chamber 46, the said bore having areduced portion extending through the part 57 and communicating with thereservoir 10, so thatthe fuel flows freely into the chamber 46 to thenormal level. In the present instance, the s indie, 55 is provided witha passage 58 the inner end of which terminates below the liquid levelwhile the outer end has *ree communication with the atmosphere andtherefore forms a passage for air which is drawn in and bu bles throughthe liquid fuel and the resulting mixture is then-drawn out into thecarbureting passage 5 by way of the port 59 formed in a lateralldisposed boss 60 connected to the throttle sleeve 53. B reference toFigfl, it will be seen that t is port 59 discharges the mixture on thecarburetor side of thethrottle valve and that its dischar e end is inclose proximit.` to the wall ofY t 4echamber 5 when the t rottle is inclosed position, but as the throttle opens' it moves nearer to thecentral portion of the chamber 5 so that the mixture drawn out'of theport 59 mingles with the body of the ex lesive mixture moving to themotor inta e. This action is distinguished from an auxiliary fuelfeeding outlet which is in the wall of the carbureting chamber, since inthat case articles of the liquid fuel adhere to the wa 1s and the valueol the mixture considerably lessened..

Referring to Fig. 5 of the drawings, a modified type of carbureter isshown wherein the supplemental or reserve float chamber is somewhatvaried in construction,

'though still within the broad principle of my invention, while theactive float chamber and its adjuncts remains unchanged and for thatreason the same reference numerals are applied to the like parts of Fig.5 as already applied to the parts of Fig. 2.

61 designates the supplemental float chamber which in the presentinstance, as compared to the float chamber 2 is relatively small but isprovided with a discharge outlet 62 to allow the supply of liquid fuelto ilow into the reservoir 10 accordingto require ments and this outlet.as heretofore described is controlled by the valve (i3 which isccnnected to the lever 64 and operated by the movement of the float 2l.Since the lever 64 is a onepiece lever pivoted at substan tially middlepoint any movement of the valve stern 19 will he correspondinglytransmitted to the valve 63 and that valve o )cned or closed, as will beunderstood. e fuel supply conduit 13 communicates with the u per portionof the float chamber by way o a passage 65 which is suitably drilled inthe body of the casing and terrninates in a valve seat 6 to receive thevalve 6T of the float` and it will bc understood that the float 68 ismaintained in operative position with respect to the Jfuel supplyeonduit passage valve seat (ifi by suitably guiding the float stein intl;` casing Wall, A port (i9 forms a communication between thecarbureting chamber 5 and the chamber 61. so that the latter issubjected to a vacuum condition approximating that of the chamber An airvent 70 is provided similar to the air vent 28 andrserves to conduct airto apoint adjacent the outlet 62 so, that. whenl the valve G3 is openedthe air bubbles through the' stored fuel supply and breaks the vacuumsufficiently to forni a. gradual feeding of the fuel to the nozzle inaccord ance tvith thedemands of the motor.

By reference to Fig. 2, the operation of the carbureter will beunderstood to be as foll'owsz--ln this figure, the carbureter is shownwith the supplemental chamber 3 serving as the Supply for the main ietnozzle 11, since the chamber 2 has been in use, its fuel diniinished tothe low level necessary te cause tlu1 float 21 to lower sutliciently toclose the valve i8 and itis being automatically replenishe' by a supplyof fuel from the conduit 12. In connection with the action of -thechamber 3, it should be noted that while the valve 31 is open, it is notpossible for the Stored liquid fuel to rush 0r fall out suddenly, since.the outlet 30 has its' mouth submerged and as there is a vacuum or apartial vacuum in the chamber 3 owing to the port 37, this liquid fuelis consequently trapped in the chamber 3 and may only be discharged insmall increments due to air bubbling through the opening 3() from thepassage 42. As this action is a continuous one, the liquid fuel isgradual] dis charged through the opening 30 in sulilcient quantities toreplace the liquid fuel drawn out of the nozzle 1l by the o erationofthe motor. While this auxiliary eed to the nozzle 11 is in operation,the chamber 2 has been filling and the suction tending to hold the valve18 closed is sufficiently strong to overcome for a limited time thetendency of the float 21 to force the said valve from its seat and theresult therefore is that the float is submerged for this short period below the normal level of the liquid and when it does open the valve 18,it `)'uinps quickly to its normal floating position ,and thereby snapsthe valve 18 to its full open position. This action is promptlytransmltted through the double levers to the valve 31 and causes thislatter to close so that the auxiliary chamber 3 may be refilled orreplenished and placed in condition to serve as a substitute for theactive chamber 2 when the latter has been practically exhausted. In caseboth the chambers 2 and 3 should be relieved of a vacuum condition aswould take place when the motor is at rest, then the overflow chambers27 and 4() take care of the excess fluid fuel which could run by gravityout of the chamber having its valve open, though, of course, this excessfluid would be drawn back into its reservoir as soon as the vacuumconditions were restored. The respective vents 28 and 41 allow the airin these overflow chambers to escape so that the liquid may enter aswill be understood. In connection with the replenishing of the chambers2 and 3, it will be evident that when either is empty or nearly 'emptyand the outlet valve for that chamber closed, there will be a buildingup of the vacuum to such an extent as to draw fuel from the low levelsupply tank by way of the conduit 13 and the inlet valve forced oper. sothat. the chamber is replenished in the required manner.

Referring to the auxiliary supply jets located adjacent the throttle, itwill be evident, since the passage 51, from what I have called the slowspeed jet, communicates with the motor intake directly there a definitemixture supply available even when the throttle is closed and which isparticularly adapted to give a rich mixture for j for thejet nozzle. 11while the c Aliqu slow speed .and starting purposes.y This primingmixture is always availale under starting conditions owing to the factthat the 1i uid level in 'the reservoir 10 rises considera ly above thenormal when the motor is at rest, because of the excess-discharge fromthe vacuum relieved feedin chamber with the result that the liquid ueloverflows the nozzle 47 and rises-Well within the chamber 45. Theotherfau'xliary jet which I have preferred tofcrm as a movable part ofthe throttle is used more par-A ticularly for those conditions existlnunder intermediate speeds and wherefthe t `rottle is 'partiallyopen Inthis construction, the discharge passa 59 for the auxiliary mixture hasits outet on the carburetor side of the throttle lvalve -but inoves withthe throttle in' suchte manner that its outlet travels 'awa from thewall ofv the intake passa e an4 consequently approaches the ,centraportion of the intake assage so that the fuell mixture discharged rom itmingles directly with the main jet mixture without losses due totheiliquid particles adhering to the walls of the passage.

The o eration of the modified form of the device siiown in Fig. 5 issubstantiall similar to that described for the preferre form, though itdiffers somewhat in minor details. Thus, for example, the chamber 2 isrela- -tiv'ely large as compared to the chamber 61 and o rates as theactive supply chamber iamber 61 is proportxonedwith a view to having itserve as an active chamber only when the chamber 2 is idle and is being`replenished. Both chambers in this modification are provided with a-liquid sea-l for the discharge outlet and the discharge of the fuel isdirectly controlled bv the airwhich is allqwed to bubble through/thebody of liquid and thus replace the minute quantity of 'fuel constantlydrawn olf from'or required by the jet nozzle. The fuel su ply for thechamber 61 is controlled by a. goat operated valve which opens only upona lowering of the float and at which time the vacuum in said chamber iscapable of drawing in a freshsupply of fuel. :It will now be apparentthat I have devised a complete unitary carbureter wherein the mainreservoir br feeding chamber for y the nozzle is continuouslyreplenished from one or the other of the suppl chambers 2 and 3.andthese supply cham ers are normaintained under a vacuum condition and`so controlled according to level lcondi- .tions existingwithin them thatone is sup- ,plyin the main reservoir with fuel while the ot isautomatically being filled from n) loivlovelliquid supply. I t willfurtherthat each of the fuel supply 'isrovided with a li uid sea edpuidet, t 'at i s,- an outlet the mout of which Lamezial isnormallybelow the operating level of the mam reservoir and a jacent each outletthere is an air inlet which delivers air to the fuel volume o the othersupply chamber whereby a considerable excess of liquid fuel ismaintained yin the reserve or inactive chamber for us'eor at leastavailable while the active chamber is automatically being replenish y byfuel drawn from the low level su p y. n this connection it should beobserveA that thereservoirfvolumeo the active supply ,chamber and alsothe reserve chamber may be varied, either by changing` the dimensions ofthe chamber, or by provid ing chambers of the same dimensions, andemploying Boats of different dimensions. In either way the fuel volumeAof the chambers ma be varied according to requirements.

l/ fhile I have in the presentdrawin s illustrated the carbureter assubstantie. ly rectangular and with the supply chambers ar ranged inolpposed relation, it will be understood that do not wish to berestricted in any manner to the location of the suppl chambers withrespect to each othercr wit i respect to the main reservoir nor do Iwish to be limited to any particular form or shape of the device since,obviously, it may be varied in these particulars in many ways withoutdeparting from the invention.

It will now be apparent that 4I have devised a novel and usefulconstruction which embodies the features of advantage enumerated asdesirable in the statement of the invention and the above descriptionand while I have in the present instance shown and described thepreferred embodiment thereof which has been found in practice to givesatisfactor' and reliable results, it is to be understoo that the sameis susceptible ofmbdilication in various particulars without departingfrom the spirit or scope of the invention or'sacrificing any of itsadvantages.

What I claim is: b

1. In a device of the character stated, a carburetor having a mainreservoir separate liquid fuel chambers communie ting with a low level..liquid fuel supply, means to normally 4maintain both chambersundervacuum conditions, and means includ- \ing liquid sealed outlets tocontrol the ada volume of liI uid fuel less' than theliq'uid carburetorhaving a main reservoir and separate li uidfuelchambers communicatwith aow level liquid fuel supply and `A`having outlets respectively to saidmain` reservoir, means to maintain both chambers under vacuumcomlitions` a plurality of air inlets communicating with said mainreservoir below said outlets` and means controlled by the liquid levelin either chamber for controlling the admission of air from one or theother of said air 'inlets to one or the other of said fuel cl'iambers.

3, In a device of the character stated, a main reservoir and separateliquid fuel chambers romnmnicating with a low level liquid fuel supplyand having outlets respectively to said main reservoir, means tomaintain both chambers under vacuum conditions, air inlets communicatingwith said main reservoir at substaiitially the normal liquid level andrespectively adjacent said outlets` and float controlled valves for therespective chambers to altcri'iatcly close andl open said outletswhereliy air is alternately admitted to said chambers to supply liquidfuel to said main reservoir,

4. ln a device ot' the character stated, u. carburetor ha ving a mainreservoir and separate liquid fuel chambers f onmiunieat-4 ing with alou' level liquid fuel supply, each chamber having a liquid outlet tosaid main reservoir, `said outlets being normally sealed by thc liquidin said main reservoir, and means under the control of level conditionsto respectively admit air through said outlets alternately to saidchambers` whereby a continuous supply of liquid fuel is delivered tosaid main reservoir.

5. ln a device of the character stated, a carburetor havingr a mainreservoir and separate liquid fuel chambers communicating with a lowlevel liquid fuel supply, cach chamber having' a liquid outlet to saidnrain reservoir. said outlets being nornially scaled by the liquid insaid main reservoir, means under thc control of level conditions torespectively admit air through said outletsV alternately to said.chambers, and means to automatically rcVlenish the, supply of liquidfuel to one cham 1er while the other chamber is feeding the mainreservoir.

ti. In a. device of the character stated, a carburetor having a mainreservoir and separate liquid fuel chan'ibers communicating with a lowlevel liquid fuel supply, cach chamber having a liquid outlet to saidmain reservoir, said outlets being normally sealed by the li uid in saidmam reservoir, means to norma ly maintain a vacuum condition in bothchambers, means under the control of level condltlons 1n sind chambersto respectively admit air through said outlets respectively, a nozzle incommunication with said main reservoir, and means to temporarily retainan excess of li uid fuel in case said vacuum condition is (broken insaid chambers whereby the main reservoir level fuel in said mainreservoir, a float in each chamber` valves controlled by the respectivefloats and operating to open and close the respective outlets` and airinlets to said main reservoir terminating adjacent the respectiveoutlets whereby the opening of either valve admits air to one or theother chamber to cause liquid fuel to replenish said main reservoir.

Si ln a device of the character stated, a casing forming a carburetingchamber, a main Yreservoir and two separate auxiliar supply chambers,each chamber communleating with a source of low level liquid fuel supplyandY adapted to deliver liquid fuel to said main reservoir, one of saidchamber; being actively operative and the other being in reserve, meansrendering said active chamber of less fuel volume than said reservechamber, means to normally produce a vacuum in both chambers and anozzle for delivering liquid fuel to Said carbureting chamber.

9. ln a device of the character stated, a casing forming a carburetingchamber, a main reservoir and two separate auxiliary supply chambers,each chamber communieating with a source of low level liquid fuel supplyand adapted to deliver liquid fue] tor said main reservoir, valvecontrolled outlets from the respective chambers to said mainV reservoir,floats for respectively controlling:

the valves of said outlets, one of said floats beingr larger than 'theother so that the fuel volume of one chamber is less than that of theother chamber, means to normally produce a vacuum in both chambers, anda nozzle for delivering liquid fuel to said carbureting chamber. n

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name.

ALFRED WEILAND.

